Body Fat Associated with a Higher Risk of ER-Negative Breast Cancer

Boston, MA, January 30, 2011 --(PR.com)-- Previous research has shown that body fat distribution does not play an important role in the overall incidence of premenopausal breast cancer. However, new research from Brigham and Women’s Hospital found body fat is associated with an increased risk for estrogen receptor (ER)–negative breast cancer. These findings are published in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

In the past, studies have established an association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of breast cancer, and that it varies with menopausal status: a higher BMI is positively associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer but inversely associated with risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Intra-abdominal fat that surrounds organs has been associated with metabolic and hormonal changes that have been associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk, although prospective studies have produced conflicting results, and none have examined the role of hormone receptor status.

To determine the relationship between body fat distribution and premenopausal breast cancer risk, Holly R. Harris, MD, of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at BWH, and colleagues, conducted a prospective analysis among women in the Nurses’ Health Study II, a cohort of 116,430 women who have been followed up since 1989. The researchers sent women in that study a questionnaire starting in 1993, in which the women were asked to measure and report their waist and hip circumference.

The researchers found no statistically significant associations between waist circumference, hip circumference, or the waist to hip ratio and overall risk of breast cancer. But they did find that abdominal adiposity, or waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio, was more strongly associated with risk of ER-negative breast cancer than with the risk of ER-positive breast cancer.

Furthermore, the fact that body fat distribution was more strongly associated with ER-negative breast cancer than with ER-positive breast cancer suggests that body fat may influence breast cancer risk through sex hormone–independent pathways. Specifically, the researchers note that fat is associated with hyperinsulinemia, or pre-diabetes, and that insulin receptors are expressed in most breast cancers and have been shown to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro.

“These findings may suggest that an insulin-related pathway of abdominal adiposity is involved in the etiology of premenopausal breast cancer,” the authors write.

Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) is a 777-bed nonprofit teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School and a founding member of Partners HealthCare, an integrated health care delivery network. In July of 2008, the hospital opened the Carl J. and Ruth Shapiro Cardiovascular Center, the most advanced center of its kind. BWH is committed to excellence in patient care with expertise in virtually every specialty of medicine and surgery. The BWH medical preeminence dates back to 1832, and today that rich history in clinical care is coupled with its national leadership in quality improvement and patient safety initiatives and its dedication to educating and training the next generation of health care professionals. Through investigation and discovery conducted at its Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), BWH is an international leader in basic, clinical and translational research on human diseases, involving more than 860 physician-investigators and renowned biomedical scientists and faculty supported by more than $416 M in funding. BWH is also home to major landmark epidemiologic population studies, including the Nurses' and Physicians' Health Studies and the Women's Health Initiative. For more information about BWH, please visit http://www.brighamandwomens.org/.

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